Conditional and unconditional infectiousness effects in vaccine trials.
نویسندگان
چکیده
[ ] [ ] ( ) [ ] ( ) [ ] ( ) [ ] ( ) [ ] ( ) [ ] ( ) [ ] ( ) [ ] ( ), 1 ) 1 ( Pr 1 ) 0 ( , 1 ) 1 ( | ) 1 , ( E 0 ) 0 ( , 0 ) 1 ( Pr 0 ) 0 ( , 0 ) 1 ( | ) 0 , ( E 1 ) 0 ( , 0 ) 1 ( Pr 1 ) 0 ( , 0 ) 1 ( | ) 0 , ( E 1 ) 0 ( , 1 ) 1 ( Pr 1 ) 0 ( , 1 ) 1 ( | ) 1 , ( E 0 ) 0 ( , 0 ) 1 ( Pr 0 ) 0 ( , 0 ) 1 ( | )) 1 ( , ( E 1 ) 0 ( , 0 ) 1 ( Pr 1 ) 0 ( , 0 ) 1 ( | )) 1 ( , ( E 1 ) 0 ( , 1 ) 1 ( Pr 1 ) 0 ( , 1 ) 1 ( | )) 1 ( , ( E ) 0 ( , ) 1 ( Pr ) 0 ( , ) 1 ( | )) 1 ( , ( E )) 1 ( , ( E
منابع مشابه
بررسی اثرات محافظه کاری شرطی و غیرشرطی بر رفتار سرمایه‌گذاری و بازدهی آتی شرکت‌ها
هدف از انجام این مطالعه، بررسی رابطه دو بعد محافظه کاری بر متغیرهای رفتار سرمایه‌گذاری و بازدهی آتی شرکت‌ها است. در مطالعات پیشین، اثرات محافظه کاری بر این دو متغیر بررسی نشده و از این جهت تحقیق حاضر نوآور است. بدین منظور، از اطلاعات 191 شرکت پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران استفاده شد. برآورد مدل‌ها برای آزمون فرضیات تحقیق با استفاده از روش داده‌های ترکیبی انجام گرفت. نتایج حاصل نشان داد...
متن کاملAugmented HIV vaccine trial design for estimating reduction in infectiousness and protective efficacy.
It is important to design HIV vaccine trials to estimate the efficacy of a vaccine in reducing infectiousness in addition to the protective efficacy. Currently planned phase III HIV vaccine field trials in which at-risk individuals are randomized and followed over time do not permit estimation or testing of the vaccine's effect on reducing infectiousness of vaccinees who become infected. We sug...
متن کاملCausal inference for vaccine effects on infectiousness.
If a vaccine does not protect individuals completely against infection, it could still reduce infectiousness of infected vaccinated individuals to others. Typically, vaccine efficacy for infectiousness is estimated based on contrasts between the transmission risk to susceptible individuals from infected vaccinated individuals compared with that from infected unvaccinated individuals. Such estim...
متن کاملBias reduction for risk ratio and vaccine effect estimators.
We examine the structural bias for established estimators of vaccine effects on susceptibility and for newer estimates of vaccine effects on infectiousness. We then propose and analyse new bias corrections for vaccine effect estimators of both susceptibility and infectiousness, as well as their combined effect on infection transmission. Each estimator is evaluated empirically with computer simu...
متن کاملInteroceptive Pavlovian conditioning with nicotine as the conditional stimulus varies as a function of the number of conditioning trials and unpaired sucrose deliveries.
In rats, the pharmacological (interoceptive) effects of nicotine can serve as a signal (conditional stimulus) in a Pavlovian (classical) conditioning task. In this task, nicotine administration (0.4 mg base/kg, subcutaneous) is typically paired with intermittent access to a liquid sucrose unconditional stimulus; sucrose is withheld on saline sessions. An increase in sucrose receptacle entries (...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Epidemiology
دوره 24 2 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2013